Āryabhaṭīya

What this text is

The fountainhead of the siddhāntic schools of Indian astronomy and mathematics.

Four sections: Gītikā (parameters), Gaṇita (mathematics), Kālakriyā (time-reckoning), Gola (the sphere) — including the sunrise-epoch convention its successors argued with.

Its role in this app

Computational-lineage heritage; the midnight-versus-sunrise epoch distinction it anchors is cited in our Kali-ahargaṇa decision (midnight epoch, elapsed days, both stated in-source).

Editions our research holds

• english-commentary

  Shukla & Sarma English translation (INSA 1976) — the workhorse.

  in copyright — read for verification only, never republished · scan quality: good

• paramesvara-tika-hindi-1906

  With Parameśvara’s ṭīkā and Hindi (1906) — the only public-domain translation copy.

  public domain · scan quality: usable

• 3-volume-set

  INSA critical edition, 3 vols. (Sanskrit commentaries in vols. 2–3).

  in copyright — read for verification only, never republished · scan quality: usable

• shukla-sarma-vol-1-english

  Duplicate scan of INSA vol. 1 — garbled.

  in copyright — read for verification only, never republished · scan quality: poor

• shukla-sarma-vol-3-suryadeva

  Duplicate of INSA vol. 3 (Sūryadeva’s commentary).

  in copyright — read for verification only, never republished · scan quality: usable

• dli-edition

  DLI scan of a critical edition.

  copyright status unclear — treated as in-copyright · scan quality: poor